2015 Belize Expedition  ·  The Great Blue Hole

Where the Ceiling
Was Once the Sky

A world-class technical diving team descends beyond the recreational limit into an ancient cave drowned by rising seas — to discover what secrets its floor has held since the Pleistocene.

130ft
Recreational Limit
Shown in Photo
Photo © Becky Kagan Schott  ·  Liquid Productions, Inc.
Chapter One  ·  The Great Blue Hole · 2015

An Ancient Cave,
Drowned by Rising Seas

The two silhouetted figures in this photograph hover at 40 metres (130 feet) — the maximum depth for recreational scuba. For most divers, this is as far as the Great Blue Hole will ever reveal itself. And even here, it is magnificent: a cathedral of stone formed not underwater, but in open air, long before the sea arrived to claim it.

The formations visible on the left-hand side of this image — stalactites hanging from what was once a dry cave ceiling, growing downward over tens of thousands of years — are proof carved in stone. Speleothems like these can only form in air. Their presence here, submerged and perfectly preserved in the blue dark, is geological testimony to an ice age that ended, seas that rose, and a cave that became an ocean.

Most experienced divers can explore the Great Blue Hole at these depths. But our team of adventurers went to the bottom of this formerly dry cave — to see what secrets it held.

Where recreational divers turn back, our 2015 expedition team continued downward — equipped with Megalodon closed-circuit rebreathers, trimix breathing gases, and the technical training demanded by such depths. The goal was the floor itself: the sediment-laden bottom of a cave that no sunlight had touched since the Pleistocene. The team was led by divers who between them have logged thousands of hours on technical equipment, documented wrecks at 400 feet, and filmed for the world's leading documentary networks.

The full story unfolds across four remarkable sites — the Great Blue Hole, Giant Cave, Winter Wonderland, and Caye Caulker — each a chapter in the ongoing history of technical diving in Belize. The expedition was documented on film by Liquid Productions, capturing footage and photography that would bring these extraordinary environments to the world.

300m+
Diameter of the Great Blue Hole at the surface
125m
Maximum depth — far beyond recreational limits
~15,000yrs
Age of the stalactites — grown when this was dry cave
Two divers hovering at 130ft amid ancient stalactites inside the Great Blue Hole, Belize, 2015. Photo by Becky Kagan Schott.
The Great Blue Hole — 40m / 130ft

Two divers suspended amid stalactites that grew when this chamber was a dry cave above sea level. The formations on the left wall are among the most remarkable geological features accessible to divers anywhere on Earth.

The 2015 Expedition Team

Seven highly accomplished technical divers. Between them: Emmy Awards, world-record depth dives, the invention of one of the world's most respected rebreather systems, and thousands of hours beneath the surface of the planet's most challenging underwater environments.

01
Bill "Bird" Oestrich
Technical Diver

A veteran technical diver and key member of the 2015 expedition team, bringing deep experience in cave and rebreather diving to the project.

Cave Diver Rebreather Technical Diving
02
Diane Oestrich
Technical Diver

An accomplished technical diver and expedition member, contributing expertise in cave and deep diving operations throughout the 2015 Belize sites.

Cave Diver Technical Diving Rebreather
03
Leon Scamahorn
Inventor · Megalodon Rebreather / ISC Founder

The founder of InnerSpace Systems Corp and inventor of the legendary Megalodon closed-circuit rebreather — the very equipment powering this expedition. The Meg passed rigorous U.S. Navy testing and was designated the MK-28 MOD 0, the first mixed gas CCR to receive a Navy MK number in 30 years. A rebreather pioneer whose technology has changed deep diving worldwide.

ISC Founder Meg Inventor US Navy MK-28 CE Certified CCR Technical Diver
InnerSpace Systems Corp
04
Chip Petersen
Technical Diver

A skilled technical diver and expedition member whose expertise in deep and cave environments contributed to the safe and successful exploration of all four 2015 sites.

Technical Diving Cave Diver Rebreather
05
David Schott
Expedition Videographer · Liquid Productions

5-time Emmy Award-winning underwater cameraman and technical diver. Thousands of hours on the Megalodon Rebreather across environments from Great Lakes wrecks at 400 feet to Central American cave systems. Fellow of the Explorers Club and member of the Karst Underwater Research team.

5× Emmy Award Explorers Club Megalodon CCR Full Cave Trimix 400ft Diver
Full Bio at Liquid Productions
06
Becky Kagan Schott
Expedition Photographer & Videographer · Liquid Productions

5-time Emmy Award-winning underwater photographer and cinematographer. Her work appears on National Geographic, Discovery, BBC, and Smithsonian Channel. Full cave diver since 2000, rebreather instructor, Women Divers Hall of Fame inductee and Fellow of the Explorers Club.

5× Emmy Award Explorers Club Hall of Fame CCR Instructor Nat Geo · BBC
Full Bio at Liquid Productions
07
Anthony Tedeschi
Technical Diver

A highly experienced technical diver rounding out the 2015 expedition roster, bringing additional depth and cave diving expertise to one of Belize's most ambitious underwater explorations.

Technical Diving Cave Diver Rebreather
Great Blue Hole  ·  Key Facts
318 mDiameter
1,043 ft
124 mDepth
407 ft
153,000 yrsAge of oldest
formation
70 kmFrom mainland
Belize
UNESCOWorld Heritage
Site
#1Discovery Channel
Most Amazing Places
Geology  ·  Formation

A Cave That Drowned
at the End of the Ice Age

The Great Blue Hole began as a dry limestone cave during the Quaternary glaciation, when sea levels were far lower than today. Stalactites confirm formation in four phases: 153,000, 66,000, 60,000, and 15,000 years ago. As the ice sheets melted, the ocean rose and the cave flooded completely.

When Jacques Cousteau brought his ship Calypso to chart the hole in 1971, his expedition confirmed karst limestone origins and identified ledges at 21 m, 49 m, and 91 m — each marking a phase of sea level rise. Stalactites tilted 5° off-vertical indicated an actual geological shift of the underlying plateau.

In December 2018, two submarines descended to complete a sonar-based 3-D map. At ~91 m they found a layer of hydrogen sulfide — below which the water turns dark, anoxic, and completely devoid of life.

Four divers explore massive cave columns inside the Great Blue Hole, Belize
Inside the Great Blue Hole  ·  The cave columns at depth
Photography  ·  Becky Schott  ·  Before & After the Descent

Life at the Edge
of the Abyss

The Great Blue Hole sits within the Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Photographer Becky Schott captured the reef and its wildlife during dives before and after the team descended to the bottom.

Snorkeler above vivid coral reef at the Great Blue Hole
The Reef Above© Becky Schott
Nurse shark rests on sandy bottom at the Great Blue Hole
Nurse Shark© Becky Schott
Diver floats among ancient stalactites inside the Great Blue Hole
Stalactites  ·  Ancient Formations© Becky Schott

All marine life photography © Becky Schott  ·  Lighthouse Reef Atoll, Belize  ·  Captured before and after the team's descent into the Great Blue Hole